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Battery & charging

Power Delivery (PD): Definition & explanation

In a nutshell

USB Power Delivery (PD) is an open charging standard over USB-C that dynamically negotiates voltage and current between charger and device. It enables charging speeds from a few watts up to 240 W using a single unified cable and connector format.

How does Power Delivery (PD) work?

Power Delivery is a standard developed by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF) that lets a charger and device negotiate the optimal combination of voltage (up to 48 V) and current (up to 5 A) via digital communication over the USB-C connector. Unlike fixed charging profiles, PD dynamically adjusts power based on battery state, temperature, and device type — covering everything from smartphones to laptops and monitors. The current PD 3.1 spec supports up to 240 W and defines Programmable Power Supply (PPS) voltage steps for precise, efficient charging.

Because PD is vendor-neutral, a PD charger theoretically works with any PD-capable device regardless of brand. Many smartphone makers (Apple, Samsung, Google, etc.) use PD as a baseline but often add proprietary fast-charging protocols on top for higher speeds. Actual charging speed depends on three factors: the charger, the cable (must support the required power), and the phone itself. Without a PD-capable cable and adapter, even a PD-compatible device is limited to standard charging speed.

Advantages of Power Delivery (PD)

  • Vendor-neutral, open standard
  • One charger covers many device types
  • Dynamic power negotiation
  • Supports up to 240 W
  • PPS enables precise, efficient charging

Disadvantages of Power Delivery (PD)

  • Cable must explicitly support the power level
  • Multiple PD versions cause confusion
  • Proprietary extensions limit full compatibility
  • Peak power rarely fully utilized

Frequently asked questions

No. Power Delivery is an open USB-IF standard, while Quick Charge is Qualcomm's proprietary protocol. Both can coexist on the same device but operate independently of each other.

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